Sleep Deprivation Essay Example Essay Example

Sleep Deprivation Essay Example Paper Sleep Deprivation Essay Introduction Our 24-hour society that wants to meet the demands of industrialization and development has caused the generation of sleep deprived people. Comparing to 1910, when the average citizen slept 9.0 and 7.5 hours a night accordingly in 1975, the data of 2002 shows that these figures have shifted to 6.9 hours a night (2002 â€Å"Sleep in America† Poll, p.4); while night shift workers suffer more than others, because they average only five hours a night. Adults from 18 to 65 years old need six to nine hours; therefore, sleep deprivation exhausts and disorders shift workers, leads to fatigue and lack of energy. Drastic increase of sleep deprived workers affects the spheres and environment they are working in, relationships, economy, and social pattern of America, along with other countries. Each one of us has an internal clock that is set for sleep at night, the period between midnight and dawn is essential for the whole body. In order to function effectively, the frontal cortex of br ain relies on rest. The lack of sleep cripples the frontal cortex and makes it ineffective in speech control, memory access and problem solving. Circadian rhythm is a 24-hour biological clock of human body and the adaptation to shift work may lead to chronic illnesses (cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases) and poor concentration. Both Paul Roman and Walter Gove agree that anxiety and sleep deprivation are interrelated and lead to psychotic disorganization that is close to mental illness. (Roman, 1972; Gove, 1970). One third of Americans have chronic deprivation that causes sleepiness during the daytime and disorder of everyday life. These adults are likely to have sleep deprivation and its symptoms affect their performance and social life. Sleep Deprivation Essay Body Paragraphs Insomnia, exhaustion, irritability, lack of physical energy, fatigue, nightmares, sleep-schedules’ disruption, memory deficit, poor social and occupational performance, impediment in mental ability, emotions and memory are some symptoms of sleeping disorder. In their studies, Shaw et al., stressed on â€Å"molecular connection between sleep, plasticity and memory formation [and demonstrated that] the intensity and/or complexity of prior social experience stably modifies sleep need and architecture† (1775). Sleep deprived people are found to use greater amount of sleeping pills than needed. These attempts to control levels of energy and anxiety and to alleviate distress are the reaction of personality from social perspective. According to 2002 â€Å"Sleep in America† Poll, inadequate sleep affects: – Impaired performance at workplace (93%); – Risk of injuries (91%); – Health problems (90%); – Interpersonal problems (85%); – Mid-a fternoon sleepiness (48%). (p.14) Shift night workers – airline pilots, doctors, nurses, commercial and truck drivers, police officers, builders, customer services representatives – fall under this risk group of inadequate sleep. Keeping up with the global economy, two jobs to meet ends, better career and child care became the prerequisites for shift work; yet, social status is a core concern that runs all through these issues. The United States, affected by globalization, drastically increased the number of shift workers in the past 20 years. The market competition resulted in new ways out to survive – production increase and 24-hour customer service became available due to millions of American citizens, as shift workers. However, potential productivity has a number of pitfalls that can hardly be compared to a good performance at a workplace. Shift workers are prone to poor concentration (68 percent in reading and 62 percent in listening), errors (wrong decisio n-making – 62%), and poor quality of work done (61%). (2002 Poll, p.15). Thus, potential productivity advantages turn out to be losses, except for physical and mental damages. Billion-dollar investments and costs on research and development are absurd as compared with crashes (Exxon Valdez, Space Shuttle Columbia) aroused by reckless and negligent attitude of shift workers. It should be also noticed that shift workers are employed in emergencies and the safety under acute or chronic sleep deprivation is doubtful. Yet, governmental agencies do not provide data on fatalities (transportation industry) and injuries (emergencies) in work places that were caused by fatigue and sleepiness. Nevertheless, the data only emphasized problems that occur because of shift workers’ sleep deprivation; still, proposals, concerning night shift work improvement, are few. Basing on the qualitative method, I will focus my research on personal experiences and observation, interviewing and an alysis. My core goal is to find out the effects of sleep deprivation on night shift workers from a sociological point of view. Managers ignore the interdependence of workers’ sleep and their productivity; otherwise, they would address their sleep schedules’ policies, invest in training and improve productivity. The studied group will be night shift workers from the South region that are usually employed from midnight till 8 a.m. According to 2004 BLS data, night shift workers, who compose 3.2 percent of employed Americans, are involved in food preparation (40.4%), transportation, production (26.2%) and emergencies (50.6%). (BLC, 2005). I think the South suites the research, for it is overabundant of night shift workers. My research will be based on focus groups of 200-300 people (the more people we interview, the more precise data we will get). Previous studies have shown that sleep deprived workers regularly disrupt their sleep-wake cycles. I will make research in the sphere of unstable sleeping patterns and their effects on humans as a part of social world. It was already stated that the number of shift workers’ hours slept averages 5 hours. Therefore, focus groups will be summoned to respond how the lack of sleep affects their: alertness, attention, reaction, concentration, awareness, decision-making and problem-solving skills, memory, and mood. The results of this research will be as follows: if the focus group fails to perform the tasks properly, makes errors and mistakes, shows disorder, sleepiness or drowsiness, the outcome is clear – at a workplace, shift workers will not be able to follow and take tasks, make right decisions, remember properly, work carefully, pay attention to every part of the process and perform work of a high quality. This part of the research will show that neither socially, not occupationally these shift workers will bring success, profit, or significant impact. Sleepy night shift workers are irritable , intractable, unsociable, tired, stressed, isolated, and unfocused – they are anti-social units at a workplace. The second part of the research will be based on interviewing. Here are some health issues to be answered: what is the probability of injury, tiredness, insomnia, disorders in breathing and digestive system (obesity), high blood pressure, road accidents, and emotional problems? Dr. Van Cauter has stressed that â€Å"accumulated sleep debt is potentially as detrimental to health as poor nutrition or a sedentary lifestyle† (NYT, 1999). People will be also interviewed on medicine they take to stay awake or vice versa and its amount. The drug usage has been waved into American society, but the attempts to control the body should not lead to addiction. The history of sleep deprivation remembers a case of DJ, who stayed up for 201 hours. During this period, doctors were observing him and â€Å"soon he couldn’t recall the alphabet and [.] he thought spiders were spinning webs on his shoes† (Whalen, 2000). This incident claims to show that sleep disorders lead to mental problems and that we will not cheat on sleep. No one should state that the lost sleep will be caught up – sooner or later, night shift workers will have to pay the price. In this case, nap time is essential for effective work; nap break may reduce injuries and accidents at workplace that are caused by fatigue. nbsp; And, finally, I will research pros and cons of the ‘family’ element. Family, as a tiny part of the society and country as a whole, is, nevertheless, the most essential from a long-term perspective. As long as the family stands, the country will stay alive. Here I will need participant’s observations and notices. I would like to know the time night shift workers spend with their family members, relatives, and, finally, neighbors; whether they are present at family parties, weekends, holidays, along with national ones; whether they are aware of what is going on in the house they live in; what are the family needs, latest news and events. If shift worker can hardly reply to these questions – which part of society he/she belongs to in particular? Sleep deprivation embodies dangers that are aimed at us and others. As was noted by Simon Williams, â€Å"the growing problematization or politics of sleep in a 24/7 risk society where sleep is now becoming a matter of ‘public concern’† (Williams, 2007). Our society should not turn the blind eye towards labor force that provides 24-hour services and production. The United States depend on night shift workers; thus, public and policy makers must be alarmed of extended hours and find the ways to ease the night shifts. Who will replace this generation of night shift workers, if kids look at their exhausted moms and dads after night shifts and see ‘the other side of the Moon’? The media avoids discussions on sleep deprivation, bu t scholarly articles and researches provide enough data to see the last of shift workers. They divide, rather than unite the society, because they do not share their ideas with colleagues and are passive during breaks – their destroy the social environment; because their immunity, mental and health disorders make them prone to viral infections and risky for public; because their poor performance decreases productivity, quality and quantity, therefore, the potential labor force of night shift workers is a potential damage for the U.S. economy in long-term targeted perspectives, it is an indirect-action environment, which contains unforeseeable consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Deprivation Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Deprivation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Deprivation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sleep deprivation Essay Example Essay Example Sleep deprivation Essay Example Paper Sleep deprivation Essay Introduction The estimated number of TV in homes is 109. 6 million. (Parents Television Council, 1998) Many people know days always wonder whether television is bad. As well many have their views in which television is a learning tool or a bad influence for their children. There has been much research, which developed few issues between television and children coming from health issues to being use as a learning skill. As studies are developed there will always be health issues that will affect children that don’t have any physical activity as part of their daily routine. Others have discovered that sometimes watching too much TV can influence in how children’s attitudes and views can be affected. Children as they grow can retain many things which help them learn; as for example using television as a guide. There are many programs that are simply directed in children learning in order to have a better understanding of things. PBS is one of many shows that have been known to invest i n children’s learning. Sleep deprivation Essay Body Paragraphs Research shows both positive and negative influences on children and television. Television may have effects on children’s health, behavior, and learning regarding how they have activities with or consume television. As one of the issues that affect children because they watch too much television is health wise. The biggest issue that has been targeted the most is children becoming overweight. â€Å"The number of children and adolescents who are overweight or obese has doubled in the past 20 years in the U. S. according to the APP. (LimiTV, n. . ) Obesity has become a big factor and one of the reason why is due to children not having physical activity part of their daily routine. Parents sometimes relay in the television to be some sort of a babysitter in case they are trying to finish any tasks they have. Making this caused a neglect of interaction with their children, and increasing the issue for becoming overweight. Becoming over weight there are other issues which include s high blood pressure, heart problems, high cholesterol, depression and low self-esteem. (LimiTV, n. d. Another reason which affects children, and overweight is all the commercials that are shown during their programming. Some of they are of junk food, McDonalds’, chips and soda, which contributes in the health issue. For example some of the ways that you should be aware of is when children begin to eat in front of the television or snacks don’t want to do any physical activities or like to be alone. Always in courage children to get out of their comfort zone and experience what the world has to offer. As recommended by LimiTV minimize watching television to 1? ours per day, have a healthy diet and have physical activity of at least of 30 minutes a day. (Boyse, 2010) Children health is very important other issue to look out for is ADHD or ADD. â€Å"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that robs children of their ability to focus and pay atte ntion. Kids with ADHD are fidgety and easily distracted. This makes it difficult to stay â€Å"on task,† whether it’s listening to a teacher or finishing a chore. † (Empen, September, 1p) The link between television and ADHD is unclear, but the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests limiting young children’s exposure. The group discourages TV viewing for kids under 2 years and recommends no more than two hours a day for older kids. To help your child develop attention skills, encourage activities like games, blocks, puzzles, and reading†. (Empen, September, 15p)There was a study made in April 2004 by Dr Dimitri Christakis and colleagues, people are who found out that watching television at an early age, 1 year trough 5 years, will develop this attention disorder at a later age. Additionally dealing with this disorder is accompanied by medication. One of the most common medications used is Ritalin; which helps to focus in daily task and learning. All of this can be prevented by monitoring what children watch. Other issues that affect in children health is the lack of sleep they have when watching too much television. This has altered sleeping patterns and sleep disorders among children and adolescent. (Boyse, 2010) That’s why is very important to have a daily routine with children as young as possible to have a healthy sleep. This can affect them educational wise to health wise as well. Implanting healthy sleep is very important because this is when children are growing and developing. As studies keep developing is very important to be aware of any issues that can affect children due to watching too much television. Although health issues are not the only reasons which affect children, also their behavior is influence by watching too much television. Some of the reasons are violence, sexual, and mimicking what other people does. There has been said that â€Å"The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by the age of 18† (Dowshen, 2011) which in all honesty children is expose to many things that sometimes parent don’t stop, and think what their children are watching. The television has become a big part of this issues many cartoon, movies and television show many acts of violence and aggression which promotes being violent is ok. That’s why there has been TV programming ratings as well are movies ratings these are develop for a reason. (Dowshen, 2011) Parents should invest time and educate their children that violence is not ok and should not mimic any acts of violence when they are watched. There is the type of parents that neglect children and let them do whatever they want. All these shows that promote violence can affect children in the long as well emotionally and mentally. Violence is one of the many issues that are promoted now days, but as well there is the issue of sexual content. Children have children grow and learn to understand things they watch commercial, movies or TV shows which shows sexually content. Many start asking question or they are influence to start to make the choice of becoming sexually active. Children as early as 10 years old have started to have sex with older partners or same age. Making sure to educate our children that what is shown in the television is not real and should not be something to be playing with. It can affect them emotionally as well health wise getting any transmitted diseases they are not ready to face. Another issue that influences their behavior is smoking and drinking. As said before television one of the biggest influences there is for children is the television. They try to be cool and think that drinking and smoking at a young age is important in order to fit in. Why? You might ask because they are still learning between good and bad if you as a parent are there for your child to make them knowledgeable. Now the most important issue that is important in the issue between children and television is learning. There has been for many studies whether television can be a positive effect in children life. (Jabr, 10/2) There have been many programs developed specially for this purpose to educate children and learn new things every day. One of the many programs is PBS Kids this is one of the best TV etworks that invest in the learning of children. For example some of these shows are Curious George, Sesame Street, Clifford the big red dog, Martha Speaks and Zoom. All these show have become a positive influence in children to help them learn colors, numbers, shapes, every day task and languages. (Kirkorian, 2008) There has been studies made that watch this show help your children prepare for early education and can be a great asset for children education. (Linebarger, 2011) These shows teach that learning is fun, and anyway you do it is a great way to learn. Education has developed many ways to help teachers teach their students using different tools. One of these development are the use of the television, this has been a new way to help children learn new subjects every day. â€Å"Television can’t replace teachers. But teachers can use television well, taking advantage of its strengths. † (Linebarger, 2011) In Conclusion, the influence of television in children affect health, behavior and learning both in a positive and negative way. By taking these issue have come to learn how it can improve and strength our children’s feature for a better tomorrow. Sharing facts with other parents and children will help teach those new ways in how television is useful and harmful; and can grow knowledgeable. References Boyse, K. (2010,August). University of Michigan Health System Your Child. Retrieved from http://www. med. umich. edu/yourchild/topics/tv. htm Calvert, S. , Kotler, J. , Kuhl, A. , amp; Riboli, M. (2001). Impact of the Children’s Television Act on Children’s Lerning. Children’s Television Act 1 990, 34. Retrieved from http://www. eric. ed. gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet? accno=ED45462 Dowshen, S. (2011,October). How TV Affects Your Children. Retrieved from http://www. kidshealth. org Empen, K. (September 02, 2011). ADHD in Children. Retrieved from http://http://www. webmd. com/add-adhd/ss/slideshow-adhd-in-children Jabr, F. (10/29/2011). Turning on the TV does not turn off a toddler’s brain. New Scientist, 212(2839), p10-10,2/3p. Kirkorian, H. L. (2008, Spring). Media and Young Children’s Leraning. Future of Children, 18(1), 23pp. LimiTV. (n. d. ). Health Effects of Excessive TV. Retrieved from http://www. limitv. org/health. htm Linebarger, D. L. (2011, November). Teaching with Television. Phi Delta Kapan, 93(3), p62-65, 4p. Parents Television Council. (1998-2011). Facts and TV Statistics. Retrieved from http://http://www. parentstv. org/PTC/facts/mediafacts. asp Piotrowski, J. T. , amp; Linebarger, D. L. (2010, October). Structure and Strategies in Children’s Educati on Television:The Roles of Program Type and Learning Strategies in Children’s Learning. Child Development, 81(5), 1582-1897. Wyatt, N. (2012,July 16). New Study indicate too much TV adds to children’s waistlines and hurts prowess. The Canadian Press. Retrieved from http://www. ottawacitizen. com/story_print. html? 6940330amp;sponsor We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep deprivation Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep deprivation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep deprivation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on The Fight Against Pollution

The Fight Against Pollution Nature and Technology have brought about so many changes in are environment according to researcher, Bill Mckibben, author of â€Å"The End of Nature† and researcher, Gregg Easterbrook, author of â€Å"Forget PCBs. Radon. Alar: The World’s Greatest Environmental Dangers Are Dung Smoke and Dirty Water.† In order to protect the world’s remaining habitats, we must stop and pay attention to what it is that we are doing wrong. First, we must pay close attention to what we have done to alter are environment so drastically. Every year we see all of the changes that we have brought about. Some of them are changes in the atmosphere like sunlight, rain, and weather. Hazardous levels of toxic air and polluted waters have taken a turn for the worst also, causing fear-inspiring problems all over the world. Gregg Easterbrook and Bill Mckibben both point out extremely important points, but Gregg Easterbrooks argument seems to have stronger and more urgent problems needing to be addressed like air and water pollution. Lets take a closer look into the environmental dangers that are occurring in this present day. According to one researcher, â€Å"Throughout the world, many more people die each year from filthy air and dirty water than from, dioxin, electromagnetic radiation, nuclear wastes, PCBs, pesticide residues, and ultraviolet rays† (Easterbrook 636). It is time that we approach these disturbing truths before it is to late. What can we do to prevent and hopefully change the foreseen future? We can start with getting educated about what pollution is and how it is caused. Gurinder Shahi, of the U.N. Development Program, estimates that in Nepal rural women spend five or six hours a day on foot searching for fuel wood and carrying it home. Such labors deny them the time for education and result in health damage to themselves and their children. (qtd. in Easterbrook 639). There are so many littl... Free Essays on The Fight Against Pollution Free Essays on The Fight Against Pollution The Fight Against Pollution Nature and Technology have brought about so many changes in are environment according to researcher, Bill Mckibben, author of â€Å"The End of Nature† and researcher, Gregg Easterbrook, author of â€Å"Forget PCBs. Radon. Alar: The World’s Greatest Environmental Dangers Are Dung Smoke and Dirty Water.† In order to protect the world’s remaining habitats, we must stop and pay attention to what it is that we are doing wrong. First, we must pay close attention to what we have done to alter are environment so drastically. Every year we see all of the changes that we have brought about. Some of them are changes in the atmosphere like sunlight, rain, and weather. Hazardous levels of toxic air and polluted waters have taken a turn for the worst also, causing fear-inspiring problems all over the world. Gregg Easterbrook and Bill Mckibben both point out extremely important points, but Gregg Easterbrooks argument seems to have stronger and more urgent problems needing to be addressed like air and water pollution. Lets take a closer look into the environmental dangers that are occurring in this present day. According to one researcher, â€Å"Throughout the world, many more people die each year from filthy air and dirty water than from, dioxin, electromagnetic radiation, nuclear wastes, PCBs, pesticide residues, and ultraviolet rays† (Easterbrook 636). It is time that we approach these disturbing truths before it is to late. What can we do to prevent and hopefully change the foreseen future? We can start with getting educated about what pollution is and how it is caused. Gurinder Shahi, of the U.N. Development Program, estimates that in Nepal rural women spend five or six hours a day on foot searching for fuel wood and carrying it home. Such labors deny them the time for education and result in health damage to themselves and their children. (qtd. in Easterbrook 639). There are so many littl...

15 Part-Time Jobs That Pay More Than $40 per Hour (And How to Get Them)

15 Part-Time Jobs That Pay More Than $40 per Hour (And How to Get Them) When you think part-time, you might think of some of the classics: retail, food service, babysitting. In reality, there are tons of part-time opportunities out there- many of which can be pretty lucrative, if you have the right skill set (or are willing to pick it up). Let’s look at some of the best-paying part-time gigs out there. 1. TutorTutors provide extra academic help for students, whether it’s in a specific subject area at school or prepping for standardized tests. As college entrance gets more and more competitive, more students and their parents are looking to hire academic helpers. Depending on the student’s needs and the tutor’s level of expertise, tutors can command anywhere from $15 to $200 an hour (particularly for specialized test prep, like SAT and grad school entrance exams).What you’ll need: Knowledge and a track record of grades, high test scores, etc. If you’re still bursting with pride over your near-perfect SATs, you mig ht be able to put that savvy to work by the hour.2. Personal TrainerIf your ideal version of â€Å"the office† involves the clank of free weights and orderly rows of treadmills, becoming a personal trainer could be a good and flexible option for you. Personal trainers meet one on one with clients by the hour, developing and implementing fitness plans. Personal trainers can earn up to $50 an hour.What you’ll need: Physical fitness, for starters- clients tend to want someone who can lead by example. Depending on where you live, you may also need to become certified.3. Makeup ArtistIf you’re creative and know your way around an eyeshadow palette, being a freelance makeup artist offers a flexible hourly job that can pay anywhere from $13 – $40+ per hour. Per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, makeup artists are the highest-paid workers in the cosmetology industry.What you’ll need: Some states require that makeup artists be licensed, so you’ll need to pay close attention to your state’s requirements. You can also train to become a makeup artist at a licensed cosmetology school. You might also want to consider relocating, if you don’t already live in a big metro area- large cities like New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago have the highest-paid makeup artists.4. Translator/InterpreterParlez-vous francais? As we start to think more globally, people who can ease communication and cultural transitions will be in huge demand. Companies (especially those with international offices) may employ translators directly, or use a third-party agency that matches qualified translators with particular jobs. Translators can earn up to $50 an hour, depending on the complexity of the project.What you’ll need: fluency in at least one language other than English, with very strong grammar and syntax skills.5. Therapist/Life CoachBecause therapy is often appointment-based, that gives the therapist flexibility to practice full- or part-time. Whether it’s counseling, life coaching, or social work, client appointments can fetch $45-$150 an hour.What you’ll need: a degree in psychology, counseling, or social work (depending on your field), plus potential licensing, depending on your state’s requirements.6. Freelance WriterWebsites, publications, agencies, publishers- they all need content, and talented writers to produce it. Think outside the magazine, too. Many companies need part-time writers to create in-house materials, instruction manuals, etc. Technical writers are especially in demand, and can command the high end of the $33-$75 per hour spectrum. Freelance writers are available on a project basis to write and edit various materials.What you’ll need: Strong written communication skills, and a lot of self-starting initiative/self-marketing skills.7. Adjunct ProfessorLike tutoring, this is another great part-time avenue if you have very specific subject expertise or experienc e. Being an adjunct faculty member at a local college or an online school lets you teach classes on a part-time basis. Adjunct teaching jobs often let you work your â€Å"day† job and teach about it at night, or leaving your days flexible for other life priorities.What you’ll need: Either a degree in your field or extensive experience working in it. You should also have good communication and people skills, because working with students can require a lot of problem solving and translating complicated concepts for people who haven’t seen them before.8. Massage TherapistA massage therapist is another appointment-based service provider who can set up a very flexible part-time job with strong hourly rates. You can work for a spa or healthcare facility, or set up shop as a roving masseur (have folding massage table and essential oils, will travel). Demand for massage therapists is growing as it becomes an accepted part of many health and wellness plans. Experienced m assage therapists can make up to $60 per hour.What you’ll need: Completion of an accredited training program. A degree is not typically necessary, but classes in anatomy, physiology, and other sciences definitely helps. Many states require that massage therapists be licensed, so be sure you’re up on your state’s own requirements.9. App/Software DeveloperIf you think you’re sitting on the next Candy Crush, you should be all set for life. But realistically, most app and software developers work on a part-time, project basis while they have other tech jobs. Developing on the side can be a very lucrative moonlighting opportunity, with rates that range from $30-$60 per hour.What you’ll need: A degree in computer science or software engineering isn’t absolutely essential, but it’s an extremely helpful foundation. You’ll also need excellent coding skills, as well as knowledge about UI design, programming languages, basic computer back end knowledge, and general market knowledge.10. Fitness InstructorLike personal trainers, fitness class instructors (yoga, pilates, Zumba, etc.) can often set their own schedule, aligning classes and teaching appointments with other life obligations. While many teachers start at around $20 an hour, more experienced and established teachers can command $40 an hour for their services.What you’ll need: Certification definitely gives you an edge here, as does experience with whatever fitness specialty you want to teach. Expertise is what builds a student base and increases your hourly earning potential.11. BartenderThis might be the classic high-paying part-time job, one you can do on nights and weekends. While the hourly salary for bartenders is on par with other food service jobs (read: not astronomical), there’s a huge potential for tips that drives up the hourly income to anywhere from $10-$75, depending on the bar, the customer base, and how many times you’ve s een the movie Cocktail. (Kidding on the last one- I don’t recommend throwing around bottles of tequila unless you’re a) Tom Cruise; or b) really know what you’re doing.)What you’ll need: Right now, the trend is â€Å"mixology† over traditional sud-slinging, so taking a bartending/mixology course to learn how to make cocktails can help you develop a range of signature drinks- and a loyal customer base. You’ll also need to be over 21.12. Rideshare DriverThis is another one that prioritizes hustle over a set schedule. Drivers for ridesharing services (like Uber and Lyft) can earn up to $30 an hour, plus tips.What you’ll need: A driver’s license and a car that’s clean, presentable, and in good working order.13.  Web DesignerThis is a part-time job you can do from literally anywhere (assuming there’s wifi). Web designers create and maintain websites for clients. 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Insurance and licensing are also a major plus for your dog walking resume, as clients are entrusting their furriest family members to your care.15. Business ConsultantIf you have a business background but need a flexible schedule, consulting may be the way to go. Consultants with specific expertise can apply their skills to projects or an ongoing relationship with different companies without being on the full-time hook. Top consultants can make $150-$300 per hour, depending on qualifications and experience. Sites like HourlyNerd can help hook you up with projects that match your expertise.What you’ll need: An advanced degree in business (typically an MBA or similar), and/or extensive expertise and experience in the field where you want to consult. You’re selling your knowledge and experience, so you’ll need to have a track record of both if you want to make big bucks as a consultant.Just because you’re looking for a flexible or part-time job doesn’t mean you have to sacrifice full-time money. If you have an extra dash of hustle and are willing to go out and develop the skills and training you need, these jobs can be a very lucrative way to create a customized work schedule for yourself.

Bauhaus goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bauhaus goals - Essay Example Traditionally, it consumes sometimes and dedication for a craftsman to assumes control of his artistic skills. It further demands grace notably from heaven to facilitate the change of the work into art. Bauhaus was destined to create an existence of the proficiency amongst the students so as the achieve gesamtkunstwerk. For Bauhaus to achieve gesamtkunstwerk amongst its students, it would create or nurture a continuous and existent environment of creative imagination by facilitating eruption or genesis point of creativity. Creativity comes from within, but it must be nurtured and continuously watered to ensure the acquisition of competent and appreciated artwork. According to Gropius, an established difference between craftsmen and artists was should not border in the bounds of arrogance and class but only in the level of accomplished output level. He calls on the fraternity of Bauhaus to create a new group or guild of craftsmen basing on a clear and well outlined. The call creates r inging version on Bauhaus students to conceive and generate new construction of the prospect future that embraces a combination of architecture, painting and sculpture in an expounded single unity and that may rise in days to come for heaven. It creates a symbolic essence that merges up to form feature similar to those of a million workers assumed in the crystal symbol nature of a new faith base. The clear notation of the current craftsmanship emerges from the realization that future applications mainly entails mass production.

Continuous Quality Improvement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Continuous Quality Improvement - Research Paper Example 2.1.1. Professional model and transformational model. There is difference between professional model used for health services and transformation model. Sollecito and Johnson (2011, p. 424) notes that, the professional model emphasizes ion the organization and its system. The organization is considered supreme. The professional model advocated for individual responsibility in the service delivery. The leaders were professionals and a preserve of the few. There was a lot of autonomy and authority was bestowed upon the administration. Similarly, the professionals had the authority over the customer. Plans were to be followed strictly and goals to be accomplished according to the instructions of the institution. Quality assurance was embraced. The transformational model focuses on cultivating the existing organization and changing the perspective so that the improvement is seen as a continuous process. Transformational model recognizes the participation of all stakeholders to include the professional, the management the health workers and both internal and external clients. Many aspects of the service delivery are considered subject to improvement. The improvements are made continually using scientific methods. The transformational model ensured the responsibility is shared between the individuals, the leaders and the healthcare employees. Employees were trained to become leaders and engaged leadership skills at all levels. The value of the outcome was emphasized to encourage participation and excellent performance. Decision making is shared to include the healthcare worker’s and the patient’s opinion. Unlike in professional model where performance is retrospective, performance in transformational... The transformational model focuses on cultivating the existing organization and changing the perspective so that the improvement is seen as a continuous process. The transformational model recognizes the participation of all stakeholders to include the professional, the management the health workers and both internal and external clients. Many aspects of the service delivery are considered subject to improvement. The improvements are made continually using scientific methods. The transformational model ensured the responsibility is shared between the individuals, the leaders, and the healthcare employees. Employees were trained to become leaders and engaged leadership skills at all levels. The value of the outcome was emphasized to encourage participation and excellent performance. Decision-making is shared to include the healthcare worker’s and the patient’s opinion. Unlike in professional model where performance is retrospective, performance in the transformational mo del is enhanced on an appraisal. Continuous improvement is encouraged as planning is made flexible. The transformational model emphasizes on service that will impress and surpass the anticipation of the patient. The success of work is considered accomplished if the needs of the patients have been addressed satisfactorily or exceedingly. Patients are not the problem; the problem is in the process of delivering the healthcare services. Variation is intended and misappropriation can cause negative outcomes.

Mystery And Suspense In Conan Doyles Work English Language Essay

Mystery And Suspense In Conan Doyles Work English Language Essay Arthur Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh and was educated at Stonyhurst College and the University of Edinburgh. He was a very religious man who was brought up in a Catholic family. He divided his time between medicine and writing the famous stories he is known for today. Arthur Conan Doyle was an eminent author and wrote many successful science fiction stories, historical novels, plays, romances, poetry and his detective Stories which he is most celebrated by today. Conan Doyle made his first appearance in A Study of Scarlet. This was his first Sherlock Holmes story, which was published by Ward Lock. Later he continued to write many successful Titles including; the lost world, the memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, The land of mist and one of his most renowned novels The Hound of The Baskervilles. The Hound of the Baskervilles is set in London and Devonshire, The mystery and suspense is enhanced by having 2 main settings, the contrast of them shows a city and a mysterious empty countryside, this creates atmosphere. The story begins in London when Sir Henry comes up to visit and receives the message warning him not to go to Baskerville hall, which was written in the manuscript. Then many mysterious happenings occurred like Sir Henrys stolen boot and the news paper cuttings; warning him to avoid the moor which read, As you value your life of reason, keep away from the moor. When Holmess attempts at solving the case in London turn out to be dead-ends, they go out to the moor. Later, in Devonshire Baskerville hall is set in the grim melancholy moor, nearby the Grimpen Mire, and it is believed that a spectral hound haunted the Baskerville Family; as each heir to Baskerville hall has experienced a shocking and terrifying death, one by one. After the death of his uncle, Sir Henry mov es into Baskerville hall to claim his family fortune, however his life may be at stake as the hound was said to be loose. The Baskervilles believe that the immortal hound was because of a curse within the family, due to ancestors behaviour. Events in the moor include meeting the neighbours; hearing the sound of the hound; interviews with Mrs. Lyons and Seldens death. The action happens mostly at night, this adds to the mystery and suspense in the story as it emphasises the eerie setting. Arthur Conan Doyle was very successful at creating an atmosphere of mystery and suspense in The Hound of the Baskervilles. He used many different and well crafted techniques to do this. Such as; the use of supernatural and superstition, red herrings, personification, the use of cliff hangers, his creation of settings and his use of metaphors and similes. He kept each chapter more mysterious and exciting as the book went along, and Im positive that others who have read the book would agree with me. In the opening of the story, Watson discovers a walking stick which had been forgotten by Dr. Mortimer from the previous night. Watson tries his best to work out the evidence from the appearance of the walking stick. He notices the engraving on the silver band at the top which read, To James Mortimer, MRCS, from his friends of the CCH. Little does he know, Holmes is using all of his resources at his disposal, he is using a well polished silver plated coffee pot. to see Watsons reflection, and to find out the mystery of the walking stick. As the scene develops Watson couldnt quite work out what the initials meant Whereas Holmes knew there exact meaning. Holmes uses deductive reasoning to find out every detail which builds up the atmosphere of mystery and suspense. The way how Conan Doyle uses his characters really creates an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. Arthur Conan Doyle completely misleads you into believing that Stapleton is an innocent naturalist, who catches butterflies, A small fly or moth fluttered across our path, and in an instant, Stapleton was rushing with extraordinary and speed in pursuit of it. This makes the readers automatically think that he is blameless. However, Stapleton turns out to be the villain in the story. This creates an atmosphere of mystery and suspense as it throws the reader off their initial prediction. Conan Doyle involves the mind of the reader, with the mind of the character; this technique is very effective in The Hound of the Baskervilles as it creates even more mystery and suspense. Throughout the book, Conan Doyle used many examples of red herrings, which created an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. One of the largest red herrings in the novella is Selden, the escape convict. As the reader, I connect ideas together, believing that he must be involved in the murders. However, Selden didnt happen to be involved in any of the mischief; he was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. Another example of the use of red herrings is the false link between Barrymore and the London stalker. This increases the drama and tension within the story. Later in the book Barrymore has been seen signalling the convict late at night; yet this also turns out to be innocent. This made the story very intense and I found myself wanting to sit on the edge of my seat. The contrast of the two settings enhances an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. Conan Doyle cleverly incorporates the two settings in one story; the buzzing city and the forbidding moor. The mystery in London is formed by the spy following Sherlock Holmes every move, the newspaper cuttings and the disappearance of Sir Henrys boot. By thunder if that chap cant find my missing boot there will be trouble. This quotation in particular creates anticipation because it makes the reader question the purpose of taking only one boot, because one boot is of no use to anyone, whereas in Devonshire, the drama builds up to a crescendo more. The eerie settings along with the mysterious events make the atmosphere of mystery and suspense at its climax. Trees moaned and swung in a rising wind. This quotation uses personification which emphasises the ghostly surroundings. Stapletons description of the Grimpen Mire gives the reader a picture of the hostile environment around Baskerville hall. That is t he Grimpen Mire; a false step yonder means death to man or beast. This quotation gives both the reader and Watson a warning concerning the ghastly surroundings. Holmes used deductive methods to solve the mystery in The Hound of the Baskervilles; it was very practical in the story line as it added further mystery and suspense. He revealed one clue at a time; this kept the reader on the edge of their seat, wanting to read on to the next page in the book. Holmes took particular attention to minute details in order to fit all of the information together and for it to make sense, like a jigsaw puzzle. Watsons narrative technique was very important. In the novella as Holmes was absent for most of the story, Watsons opinions and views were shown in a diary, extracts, letters and written accounts that explained how his investigations were developing. This was a key part of the story as it made the reader understand the progress in his investigations. The use of myth and legend in the hound of the Baskervilles adds more mystery within the story. According to the manuscript, the Baskerville curse was brought upon the Baskerville family due to the behaviour of Sir Hugo. From that time, the family had experienced strange deaths and it is believed that these deaths have been caused by a spectral hound. The sound of the Hound created even more drama in the story, The creature gave a hideous howl. This creates an atmosphere of mystery and suspense, particularly so for a Victorian readership because; as you can imagine the Victorians would never of heard of anything so terrifying. Conan Doyles use of cliff hangers also creates an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. Like his other magazine stories; Arthur Conan Doyle finished every chapter with a cliff hanger in The Hound of the Baskervilles. This made the book more exciting and interesting to read and carry on with. Although his book wasnt serialised; he uses the same technique to further the creation of suspense. By ending each chapter in a Cliff Hanger, the reader has to wait to hear what happens; this carries on an atmosphere of mystery and anticipation onto the next chapter. The use of dangerous situations heightens mystery and suspense in the story. Particularly when Holmes and Watson were waiting for Sir Henry in the treacherous moor, this adds more suspicion to the plot of the story; especially when a mist is covering the path and Holmes and Watson can barely see in front of them if he isnt out in a quarter of an hour the path will be covered. In half an hour we wont be able to see our hands in front of us. The Mystery and suspense is created as the reader, we know what can go wrong. Suspense is increased more by the amount of light used to set the scene. Another dangerous situation that creates tension and drama in the story is when Watson discovers a hut amongst the moor, Watson uses his five senses to discover what is happening, and this creates additional mystery and suspense. When Watson was in the hut, he heard a noise and more tension and suspense was created by getting his pistol out of his pocket, I shrank back into the darkest corner, and co cked the pistol in my pocket. This created a sense of danger to the reader because the fact that he has his pistol at the ready makes the reader nervous because Watson may be in danger. The ending would have pleased a Victorian Readership, as it ends happily. However tension is not resolved as we are unsure whether Stapleton truly died on the moor; even Watson and Holmes do not know for sure if he died: But more than that, we were never destined to know, but there was much more which we might surmise. The ending remains satisfying (particularly to a Victorian audience) because the villain is out of the picture, even if not dead. In conclusion, Arthur Conan Doyle creates mystery and suspense in the Hound of the Baskervilles in many ways, which certainly lures the reader onto the next chapter. The superstition created an excellent opening to the story which created many possible routes for the book to follow, this added more suspense. The Hound of The Baskervilles was a Victorian stylised first person narrative novel, this was suitable for a Victorian Readership as it comprised of a happy ending. Conan Doyle used many effective techniques, using cliffhangers at the end of each chapter carried on the suspense further. The use of personification and similes created a magical atmosphere.

Relevancy of Institutional Theory for Managers Essay

Institutional theory is one the most renowned theoretical approaches to internationalization process of firms. From the 70s, there have been publications supporting and developing this theory by researchers such as Di Maggio, Powell, Scott, Meyer or Rowan. Nonetheless, some other alternative theories, such as OLI paradigm or TCE model, have also proven themselves quite significant. Shortell and Kalunzy (2000, p. 4) state that organizations must face certain external factors such â€Å"external or societal norms, rules, and requirements that an organization must conform to, in order to receive legitimacy and support†; which are two basic factors for a successful internationalization process. Nowadays, it is essential to determine the accuracy of internationalization theories because corporations need to respond to the challenges of a globalized world. This essay aims to examine the applicability of the main assumptions of this theory in order to explain the internationalization decisions made by firms? anagers. For that purpose, key aspects such as its scope, current importance or empirical support will be evaluated. Meyer and Rowan (1977), Di Maggio and Powell (1983), and Scott (1987) state that, in order to obtain legitimacy, firms must face â€Å"isomorphic pressures† from the external context. Di Maggio and Powell (1983) define isomorphism as â€Å"constraining process that forces one unit in a population to resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions† and they remark that firms are forced to compete for legitimacy and political influence apart from customers and resources. Scott (1995) specified that there are three types of isomorphic pressures: regulatory, cognitive and normative. Regulatory pressures can be defined as the rules, legislation and sanctions established by government that companies must follow. Cognitive pressures refer to the shared vision of how the world works by the members of an institution or societal entity able to affect a corporation. Normative pressures can be described as the values, norms or other cultural aspects within a country that can influence a firm. In other words, for this theory, any internationalization or foreign direct investment (FDI) operation respond to a legitimacy seeking procedure in order to have access to key resources such as public funding or customer support. Nevertheless, this theory does not cover all the possible dimensions of an internalization process. Dunning (1993) states that there are 4 main motivations for an internationalization process: market seeking, resource seeking, efficiency seeking and strategic asset seeking. Market seeking can be explained as penetrate into other market and avoid dangerous factors such as tariffs or exchange rate risk. Resource seeking refers to many factors such as location in a cluster, information, or less costly or more efficient resources. Efficiency seeking can be defined as cost reduction (transport and transactions) and the economies of scope and scale that can be reached in a internationalisation process. Strategic asset seeking is all the rest of different motivations such as imitating competitors, prevent competition or follow consumers. Therefore, Institutional Theory does not seem to cover fully those aspects because no economic considerations are made under this theory. On the other hand, there are theories that cover more accurately economic considerations in internationalisation issues. Buckley and Casson (1976), and Rugman (1981); under Internalisation Theory, state that existing markets may not offer the most efficient conditions to companies and making those markets â€Å"internal† will reduce the transaction costs of operating with those markets. Dunning (1980) argues, in this OLI paradigm, that firms operate in international market in order to seek for different kind of advantages: Ownership advantages (i. e. rademark or know-how), Locating advantages (i. e. low salaries or taxation) and Internalisation advantages (same advantages mentioned in Internalisation Theory). Hence, it is obvious that Institutional theory has a limited scope as long as it covers political and social aspects of internationalisation, but it does not give any hint about economic concerns. Since the year 2000, according to a report written by the United Nations (2 013), FDI going to BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has tripled reaching an amount of $263 billions in 2012. This amount represents 20% of FDI in the world. Moreover, Hall (1976) states that there are certain countries that can be described as High-context cultures that are based in interpersonal relationships. Those are countries where factors like trust or legitimacy are crucial for business and BRICS are considered as high-context countries. Therefore, firms need to gain legitimacy in order to operate in those markets and Institutional provides an excellent theoretical framework for defining success in those markets. Nonetheless, it cannot be assumed that firms just comply with external pressures in order to gain legitimacy. Di Maggio (1988) argues that agents and organizations have their own interests and have the ability to implement strategic actions in order to fulfil their ambitions. Scott (1995) also states that companies and organisations do not react in a passive way to institutional environment and they behave actively. Araujo (2000) determines that, although organisations are under external pressures, companies will decide their own response to the environment. Hence, companies are influenced by external factors, but they can decide what to do regarding those factors. On the other hand, there is some evidence that companies tend to mimic their strategic moves. Leroux, Pupion and Sahut (2011) state that companies are influenced by the choices made by the leaders of their sectors. Lieberman and Asaba (2006) argue that firms tend to imitate each other in order to deal with the uncertainty of the environment and reduce risks. For those authors, there two explanations for business imitation: information-based explanation and rivalry-based explanation. Information-based ones assume that companies imitate the ones who seem to have †superior† information. Rivalry-based ones that companies copy their strategic moves in order to limit rivalry or keep stable competitive parity. There are some researchers who have tried to deduct whether Institutional theory is reliable or not for explaining an internationalization process. Bianchi and Arnold (2004) state that Institutional theory is the best theoretical framework in order to explain the failure of the Internationalization process of the American retail company Hot Depot into the Chilean market in 1998. Their research determined that the main cause of the failure of this process was the scarcity of legitimacy of Hot Depot in Chile because they were not able to offer a confortable shop atmosphere for their customers and the range of products was not satisfactory for Chilean clients. Also, Hot Depot failed because its competitors were capable of anticipating and responding to its competitive advantage. Moreover, Cao and Perderzoli (2012) determine that institutional environment is very significant in the decision making process of retailing companies while operating in an emerging economy. They also state that the creation of shared added value in those economies and the engagement between the company and the host market will increase the adaptability of those companies to institutional environment in emerging economies. Nonetheless, there are some other papers that determine that the effect of external environment in a company depends of its profile. Walsh and Yu (2010) state that institutional factors do not have relevance in primary sector companies while they are relevant in manufacturing and services corporations as it is shown in their research using econometric methods. Additionally; Wrightley, Coe and Currah (2005) and, Bianchi and Ostele (2006) determine that retail companies are more vulnerable to institutional issues than other kinds of companies. Therefore, there is empirical evidence that shows the relevancy of this theory for corporate internationalization operations during the last 20 years. Otherwise, this relevance depends of the sector of the company and it seems to be a relation between the level of impact of institutional factors and their level of interaction with final customers. Furthermore, it is important to discuss whether Institutional Theory is relevant or not for managers. Porter (1990) and Welford (1995) affirm that the external environment makes a strong influence on corporate strategy. Aguilar (1967) states that the environment is crucial in corporate strategy and he created the ETPS (Economic, Technical, Political and Social) model, which would become PEST model in the future, in order to analyse the external environment. Learned, Christiansen, Andrews and Guth (1969) determine that external environment is crucial for business strategy as long as it is a key element of their SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) model, where Opportunities and Threats are external elements. Thus, it cannot be denied that Institutional Theory is relevant for managers because environment is crucial for any strategic planning and if managers ignore those factors, they will be destined to fail in internationalisation process. Furthermore, external pressures have relevance in other essential aspects of corporate management. Zaheer (1995) states that companies operating abroad may suffer â€Å"liability of foreignness† which are economic and social problems that can affect their performance, so they would tend to modify their organizational structure in order to make it similar to local firms? tructure. Also, Barkemeyer (2007) state that institutional pressures encourage companies to develop CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) programmes in order to gain legitimacy in the host country. Therefore, external environment can exert a strong influence in all sorts of aspects of corporate management such as Organisation or CSR in order to be legitimate to operate in a forei gn market and managers be aware of this situation. As a conclusion, it can be said that environmental pressures are a crucial element for business performance in international markets. During the last decade, legitimacy has proven itself as a key resource in FDI processes as long as emerging economies are becoming one of the main receptors of foreign investment and, for those countries, it is necessary â€Å"being legitimate† in order to be supported by customers, local authorities and other social actors. As a contrast, this theory has some drawbacks as long as it assumes, in its early version, which companies just comply with external pressures and it does not consider in depth economic aspects. Nevertheless, in spite of those weaknesses, Institutional Theory provide an excellent theoretical framework to managers that encourage them to be sensitive to the cultural elements (aesthetics, beliefs, norms or attitudes) and macro environment of their host markets, so they can improve their performance. Therefore, being able to provide such an important capacity to international managers is the best strength of this theory and it is what makes it relevant today.